Potiki - Is Toko Maui? :: essays research papers fc

She blew his mouth and nostrils, and with two fingers lightly massaged his chest until the mucus began to drain freely. She took a pendant from her ear and put it on the cover beside him. Tokowaru-i-te-Marama. Ko Tokowaru-i-te-Marama te ingoa o tenei, she said. (Grace 36)The passage above comes from the book Potiki. Its when granny Tamihana breathes liveliness into Toko and gives him the name of her deceased brother. In Potiki, a novel write by Patricia Grace, we are introduced to a family that is given a special gift. That gift is in a form of a child named Toko. Toko isnt any habitual child for he knows all his past stories and has the ability to see future stories. Toko was born by Mary and is cared for by Marys brother Hemi and his wife Roimata. In yet another novel, there is a strong presence of mythological icons being incorporated into a book. Grace ties the legend of Maui into the character of Toko. Toko and Maui were twain born prematurely. Another similarity Grace ti es in with the legend of Maui is the fishing story. Maui goes out fishing with his brothers and brags that hell catch a bigger fish than his brothers and Tokos fishing with his family in the lagoon and catches a big eel. Lastly, Grace links the legend of Mauis death to Tokos death. In Potiki, Toko enters the wharenui to bring back Manu who was sleepwalking. or else a gunshot was heard and Toko was killed. In the legend of Maui, Maui tried to capture death by trying to crawl into the death goddess hidden source of life to capture her heart. A bird laughs, which woke the death goddess and closed her mouth. The teeth of the death goddess cut Maui in the center and killed him. According to Westervelt, Maui may mean to live, to subsists, and may call forth to beauty and strength, or it may have the idea of the left hand or turning aside. (1) In Potiki, Grace ties in the meaning of Maui to the character Toko. In what way is the birth of Toko and Maui similar and its kin with Westervelt s definition of Maui? How is Tokos fishing story similar with the legend of Maui pulling the island of New Zealand and its relationship with Westervelts definition of Maui? How is the death of Toko similar to the way Maui dies and how it relates to the definition of Maui?

Motifs In A Prayer For Owen Me :: essays research papers

Owen Meany MotifA Prayer for Owen Meany by tin Irving has many different motifs. One dominant motif is armlessness. Armlessness was a reoccurring motif throughout the story and came up in many occasions. It seems to symbolize helplessness or organism under your own control. There are a variety of things throughout the novel that gives off that feeling.The armadillo was very dear to John. He had gotten it from Dan Needham the only give way he kept from one of his mother&8217s beaus. It had bully sentimental value to him and to young Owen who had also become attached to it. That&8217s why it showed great emotional distress on Owen&8217s part when he removed the claws of the armadillo. He did this when he had hit Johnny&8217s mother with the foul gawk that killed her. Dan had interpreted it as trying to say that Owen was helpless now and that he couldn&8217t do anything to change what he had done on accident. Though that top executive be the partial truth it could also symbolize s omething different. Almost saying that he is the armadillo and he wasn&8217t in control of himself, but was the instrument of God. His work force were not his own. Though the armadillo never recovered from the declawing, it had mended John and Owen&8217s friendship and helped ease some of the pain of that situation.The statue of Mary Magdalene sat in front of a concrete arch. &8220She was like a goalie protecting her goal, John had noted. Owen had sawn off her arms when he was expelled from Gravesend Academy. This might also symbolize Owen&8217s helplessness, not being able to change what had happened. When the statue is returned John notes that she is unable to protect her goal.

A Passage to India and Orientalism Essay -- European Literature Edward

A Passage to India and Orientalism When in 1978 Edward W. Said published his book Orientalism, it presented a turning point in post-colonial criticism. He introduced the term Orientalism, and talked about 2 of its aspects the way the West sees the Orient and the way the West controls the Orient. Said gave three definitions of Orientalism, and it is through these definitions that I will travail to demonstrate how A Passage to India by E. M. Forster is an Orientalist text. First, Said defined Orientalism as an academic discipline, which flourished in 18th and 19th century. Anyone who teaches, writes about, or researches the Orient - and this applies whether the person is an anthropologist, sociologist, historian, or philologist - either in its specific or its general aspects, is an Orientalist, and what he or she does is Orientalism. (2) Second, in Said s own words Orientalism is a style of thought establish upon an ontological and epistemological distinction made between the Orient and (most of the time) the Occident (2). And now we come to Saids trinity definition of Orientalism Here I come to the third meaning of Orientalism, which is something more historically and materially defined than either of the other two. Taking the late eighteenth century as a very about defined starting point Orientalism can be discussed and analysed as the corporate institution for dealing with the Orient - dealing with it by making statements about it, authorising views of it, describing it, teaching it, settl... ...storehouses for grain. India is his country, and India shall one day be united as one nation and throw off the English yoke. (274) In Forsters A Passage to India we recognize certain(p) elements that can be seen as Orientalist. According to Edward Saids definit ions of Orientalism I tried to point out some of these Orientalist elements. However, there are many more examples in the wise which would also fit in the Orientalist frames set by Said. WORKS CITED Fasset, I. P. Rev. of A Passage to India, by E. M. Forster. Criterion October 9, 1924Forster, Edward Morgan. A Passage to India. London Penguin Books. 1979.Hartley, Leslie Poles. Rev of A Passage to India, by E. M. Forster. Spectator June 28,1924.Said, Edward W. Orientalism. New York Vintage Books Edition. 1979.

Violence and the Brain Essay -- Biology Essays Research Papers

ferocity and the BrainIs there a biological home for violent manner in the brain? Recent research links neurological impairments and psychoses to violent doings (1). The psychological effects of brain damage and distemper can cause the mind to lose touch with reality leading to criminal and violent appearance (1). As a result, free will may be deserted in an individual suffering from abnormalities and chemical imbalances in the brain (2). Consequently, legal issues draw close because violent offenders with mental illnesses or brain injuries be not always to blame due to the biological nature of their diseases (2). However, vehemence in psychiatric and neurological patients can be prevented for the most part by medication and social have a bun in the oven services (1). A PBS video, The Violent Mind sparked my interest in the relationship between violence and the brain. The video presented several(prenominal) cases of violent assault which could be attributed to chemical im balances in the brain (2). For example, the video illustrated the story of David Garabedian, a quiesce passive man who murdered a guest of the lawn car company where David was an employee (2). David mixed lawn chemicals in their undiluted form which caused him to experience physical and mental changes in his body (2). Dr. David Bear, a physician from Vanderbuilt Medical initiate who looked into Davids case, claimed organophosphates in the insecticide poisoned the enzyme that clears away acetylcholine in the hypothalamus (2). Moreover, Dr. Bear give tongue to that acetylcholine sends signals between the cells which coordinate aggression (2). This explains Davids re action at law when the customer caught David urinating on her lawn (2). Before the urination episode, the action potential... ...h violent crimes of 17 loners (6). She links the patterns of their crimes with seizures, which often are preceded by auras, frequently cause irrational behavior and loss of normal bodily fun ctions and are slackly followed by a sense of disorientation (6). According to Pontius, the seizures resulted from limbic kindling due to the loners lack of interpersonal relationships (6). Bottled up feelings, emotions, and memories were triggered by people and objects as stated by Pontius (6). The research reviews and excerpt from the PBS video, The Violent Mind, presented in this paper strongly support the evidence of a biological basis for violence in the brain. Internet Sourceshttp//www.crime-times.org/96d/w96dp9.htmhttp//www.crime-times.org/98a/w98ap10.htmhttp//www.crime-times.org/96d/w96dp6.htmPBS video Episode 8 The Violent Mind Violence and the Brain Essay -- Biology Essays Research PapersViolence and the BrainIs there a biological basis for violent behavior in the brain? Recent research links neurological impairments and psychoses to violent behavior (1). The psychological effects of brain damage and disease can cause the mind to lose touch with reality l eading to criminal and violent behavior (1). As a result, free will may be deserted in an individual suffering from abnormalities and chemical imbalances in the brain (2). Consequently, legal issues arise because violent offenders with mental illnesses or brain injuries are not always to blame due to the biological nature of their diseases (2). However, violence in psychiatric and neurological patients can be prevented for the most part through medication and social support services (1). A PBS video, The Violent Mind sparked my interest in the relationship between violence and the brain. The video presented several cases of violent assault which could be attributed to chemical imbalances in the brain (2). For example, the video illustrated the story of David Garabedian, a quiet passive man who murdered a customer of the lawn car company where David was an employee (2). David mixed lawn chemicals in their undiluted form which caused him to experience physical and mental changes in hi s body (2). Dr. David Bear, a physician from Vanderbuilt Medical School who looked into Davids case, claimed organophosphates in the insecticide poisoned the enzyme that clears away acetylcholine in the hypothalamus (2). Moreover, Dr. Bear stated that acetylcholine sends signals between the cells which coordinate aggression (2). This explains Davids chemical reaction when the customer caught David urinating on her lawn (2). Before the urination episode, the action potential... ...h violent crimes of 17 loners (6). She links the patterns of their crimes with seizures, which often are preceded by auras, frequently cause irrational behavior and loss of normal bodily functions and are generally followed by a sense of disorientation (6). According to Pontius, the seizures resulted from limbic kindling due to the loners lack of interpersonal relationships (6). Bottled up feelings, emotions, and memories were triggered by people and objects as stated by Pontius (6). The research reviews a nd excerpt from the PBS video, The Violent Mind, presented in this paper strongly support the evidence of a biological basis for violence in the brain. Internet Sourceshttp//www.crime-times.org/96d/w96dp9.htmhttp//www.crime-times.org/98a/w98ap10.htmhttp//www.crime-times.org/96d/w96dp6.htmPBS video Episode 8 The Violent Mind

Xmen Movie Essays -- Film Movies

Xmen movie I am critiquing the movie X-men. This movie is ground on a comic book and on an awake(p) series. Both the animated series and the comic book revolve around mutants. These mutants often tint human, however many look quite different than any normal human and also their powers atomic number 18 quite extraordinary. This creates one problem when converting to movie form. take in gadgets and special depressions essential be used so that our reality where the film is made may accurately reflect the reality where the film is set. Also, the characters from the animated series and the comic books all move over personalities and physical features that the actors in the film moldiness try to match. This is a difficult thing to do. Not only must the actors physically look like the character concept but they must also be able to play the correct personality. The movie also must keep in context with the animated series and the books. The sources both share a timeline and gen eral background knowledge and stories that the movie must conform with. When you work this onto the feat of making a movie that is aesthetically and engaging for audiences you have a very tall order. For the most part however, the movie was successful in many of these areas. The special effects were well through in this movie. Storms power over the elements is well displayed. I believe that it is one of the eminent records in the movie when we get to see storm use her powers. Cyclopss eye beam was also well done special effect wise. However the head gear that they used, piece close enough to the original, was very bulky. This hindered the actors acting capability. Actors do a lot of acting with their faces and facial features. Entire messages are sent with the eyes. This did create some problems for Cyclops in the movie. The headgear, while it was aesthetically pleasing, should have been reduced somewhat in size in order to wear see the actors features. Rouges powers are w ell displayed as well. At this point in the timeline she has not yet gained her super force out or power of flight. So that is one less problem. She still however has the power of pulling other mutants powers from them. This tends to be a movement of simply overlaying the special effects onto her from the original. However the only power that she really takes advantage of is wolverines healing. The special effects on this part seemed realist... ...e well. The modeling was quite difficult also due to the fact that the sources portray the X-men as being larger than life. For instance the average human is six heads tall while the average X-men is eight. However the X-men did tend to dominate over the few humans they encountered, making up for the loss in dynamisms. Most of the movie kept in context with the sources. The back-stories of the characters that were explored were mostly in sync with the sources. The only area where this was truly lacking was an obvious marketing att empt. The younger X-men that were at the academy at this point in time actually should have been long gone at this point. Both Kitty Pryde and Iceman for example were X-men long before Wolverine or Rouge. However as it is portrayed, there is even so much as a teenage romance blossoming between Rouge and Iceman. This was obviously done for marketing purposes in wanting to include as many X-men in the movie as possible. However, if they decide to make a sequel they will have to address this problem or diverge further and further from the time line of the original source material. All in all I wish the movie though and I thought it was rather good.

Xmen Movie Essays -- Film Movies

Xmen scene I am critiquing the movie X-men. This movie is based on a comic keep back and on an alive series. Both the animated series and the comic book revolve around mutants. These mutants often look human, however many look quite a different than any normal human and also their powers are quite extraordinary. This creates champion problem when converting to movie form. Make-up gadgets and special effects must be used so that our reality where the film is made may accurately reflect the reality where the film is set. Also, the casings from the animated series and the comic books all take aim personalities and physical features that the actors in the film must try to match. This is a difficult thing to do. Not only must the actors physically look like the character concept but they must also be able to play the correct personality. The movie also must keep in context with the animated series and the books. The sources both share a timeline and general background knowledg e and stories that the movie must conform with. When you add this onto the feat of making a movie that is aesthetically and engaging for audiences you nonplus a very tall order. For the most part however, the movie was successful in many of these areas. The special effects were hale done in this movie. Storms power over the elements is well displayed. I believe that it is one of the high points in the movie when we get to contrive storm use her powers. cyclopss eye beam was also well done special effect wise. except the head gear that they used, man close enough to the original, was very bulky. This hindered the actors acting capability. Actors do a lot of acting with their faces and facial features. Entire messages are sent with the eyes. This did create some problems for Cyclops in the movie. The headgear, while it was aesthetically pleasing, should have been reduced somewhat in size in order to better see the actors features. keys powers are well displayed as well. At this point in the timeline she has not yet gained her super strength or power of flight. So that is one less problem. She still however has the power of pulling other mutants powers from them. This tends to be a case of simply overlaying the special effects onto her from the original. However the only power that she really takes advantage of is wolverines healing. The special effects on this part seemed realist... ...e well. The casting was quite difficult also imputable to the fact that the sources portray the X-men as being larger than life. For instance the average human is six heads tall while the average X-men is eight. However the X-men did tend to pretermit over the few humans they encountered, making up for the loss in dynamisms. Most of the movie kept in context with the sources. The back-stories of the characters that were explored were mostly in correct with the sources. The only area where this was truly lacking was an obvious marketing attempt. The younger X-me n that were at the academy at this point in time actually should have been long gone at this point. Both Kitty Pryde and Iceman for example were X-men long before Wolverine or Rouge. However as it is portrayed, there is plain so much as a teenage romance blossoming between Rouge and Iceman. This was obviously done for marketing purposes in wanting to allow as many X-men in the movie as possible. However, if they decide to make a sequel they will have to address this problem or sidetrack further and further from the time line of the original source material. All in all I liked the movie though and I thought it was rather good.

Effects of Google Translate on Vocabulary

Effects of Google Translate on phrase Acquisition and Reading Comprehension BY traveler0527 Effects of Google Translate on Vocabulary Acquisition and Reading Comprehension Abstract With the rapid development of technology, more modern ways are applied to side learn. Though technology towards voice communication learning has been extensively studied in recent years, the influences of online translation are seldom examined. This study investigates the effects of Google record on side language acquisition and article scholarship. It was hypothesized that Google translate can improve students performance in both aspects.The research was evaluated by an try out which needed participants to read one article and stop some(a) related quizzes. To let a comparison, participants were divided into two ag root newsworthinesss with totally one can use Google translate. The results were unexpected. It seems that Google translate does not has a significant imperative effect to help stu dents learn English wording and to improve reading comprehension. Students who learn English, teachers who want to help their students make progress and researchers in this area could eudaimonia from this study.Introduction The rapid development of technology in recent decades benefits the education area. Besides traditional teaching methods, more approaches are employed in language learning to help learners make progress. Many studies have focused on impacts of different kinds of technology on English learning. Previous research from Kung and Chuo (2002) affirmed that college students acknowledge the net as a useful tool to learn English. Chun and Plass (1996) suggested that with multimedia program to assist high school students in reading articles, the rate of incidental vocabulary learning increased.However, few studies have examined the effects of online translation serve up on English learning. Research studies both vocabulary learning and reading comprehension is excessiv ely difficult to find. Therefore, further investigations are needed. This research is aimed at investigating the influences of Google translate on vocabulary learning and reading comprehension. Google translate is a kind of needy online language translation service which can instantly translate text or web pages into numerous different languages. Vocabulary learning is an consequential and thoroughgoing aspect of English study which stresses cognition and use of words.Addition exclusivelyy, reading comprehension is an ability to understand articles which elated to recognition of content and grasp of main ideas. The overlook of previous research on this topic put acrosss to the research interrogative mood Do students who use Google translate to help them learn English have higher readiness than students who do not? It was hypothesized that Google translate will improve students appreciation of unfamiliar words and the content of an article. Methodology Sample The sample parti cipating in this audition consisted of 1 1 students from Yl- are non-native English speakers.Material Google translate, which is capable to offer translation of text immediately and can un perfectly on laptops, was used as tending for the experiment group and defined as the independent variable. A relatively new article excerpted from Slate Magazine which is nigh business and trade was adopted as the test material. With an academic style and approximately 700 words, this article can be difficult to understand. A quiz related to the article consisting of 8 questions about vocabulary learning and 2 questions about reading comprehension was also used.The first 8 questions ask participants to choose the right words to fill in 8 incomplete sentences. The last 2 questions are multiple choice questions. Procedure Several meetings were held to design the experiment and the quiz. After that, the whole experiment was piloted in the researcher team to check the validity of questions and t o ensure there would be sufficient time for participants to exhaust the reading task and the quiz. Another purpose is to make e really researcher be familiar with the process. The formal experiment was conducted on 19th April in the EAP classroom.All members of the research team were required to bring laptops in h anyow to run Google translate. First, participants were divided into two groups randomly. 6 tudents in the experiment group were allowed to use Google translate during the reading time. Other 5 students were treated as the tame group. Then, a 3-minute- long brief guidance including rules of the experiment was given to participants. Next, paper copies of the article were given out and 1 5 minutes were arranged for participants to read.The experiment group was allowed to use Google translate when they encounter unfamiliar words or sentences, whereas the control group should read through the paper without any assistance. For both groups, pickings notes and making marks in the reading paper were forbidden. Afterwards, quiz document were distributed to evaluate participants learning outcomes and Google translate is banned to use. Participants were given 15 minutes to finish the quiz. Finally, all the papers were collected. The whole experiment was conducted in the EAP classroom and last for approximately 40 minutes.After the experiment, the research team gathered to mark quiz papers and the results were analyzed by exploitation a data- recording table. Result and analysis The aim of this experiment is to define whether Google translate can help students learn English more efficiently. Without the independent variable, which is Google ranslate, all other conditions were kept the same to both groups. Therefore, it seems fair to say the experiment was conducted in a Just way. The most important finding is one that out of the researchers expectation. The average grade of control group is nearly 1. 2 times higher than the experiment group (Figure 1).It re flects that the control group had a better performance during the test. Considering the result contraries to the hypothesis, deep analyses were given. The possible reasons are as follows. Firstly, because of the wishing of a pre-test to divide subjects, there may be a hance to put students who are good at English in the control group. Secondly, participants who have the privilege to use Google translate may imprecate on it whenever understanding of the content and the efficient use of context. Thirdly, since participants in experiment group needed to switch between the papers and laptops, it is hard for them to concentrate on the article.Fourthly, as Google translate can only give one simple definition of the word or phrase, this could be inaccurate and sometimes could mislead those students. After data were entered in an Excel spreadsheet, the accuracy of every question was alculated. As the Figure 2 below illustrates, the overall accuracy of the control group is higher than the experiment group except for question 5 and 8. No one in the control group answered castigately to the fifth question and one third of them gave wrong answers to the one-eighth question.These two questions are aimed at testing students understanding of the signification of new words. Google translate gives the right explanations which are consistent with the meaning in the content. This may taper that Google translate can help students gain the meaning of some words which have clear and simplex meaning. However, the last question, which is a multiple choice question about reading comprehension, none in the experiment group gave the right answer while almost half of the students in the control group chose the amend one.The data suggests that students in the control group had a better understanding about the main ideas of the article. This may because there was no equipment to distract their attention and all they could do during the first part of the test was to read the whole con tent thoroughly. Another question that worth being discussed according to the Figure is the sixth question, all participants in he experiment, no matter which group they belonged to, failed to answer it. The question is Even so, it is unclear how much the shift to inland growth really has. The correct word be chosen from the box is momentum.From the experiment groups perspective, it is proper to surmise that the Chinese translation given by Google translate is inapposite and not related to the content tightly. This made it tough for those who take Google translate as a helper. From the control group viewpoints, it may perhaps be that the context is complex and the meaning is hard to guess. Another factor that needs to be concerned is the question itself because it is a compound sentence and difficult to understand. To brief summarize, Google vocabulary and improve the comprehension of reading.Conclusion One of the most important findings is that the control group performed better wi th higher marks on average in the experiment about whether Google translate is ministrant for students to learn new words and to understand better about the content when they read an article. Another interesting finding is that Google translate can be very useful when the target word has a definite meaning and at the same time, be very imited when relate to the text comprehension. In general, the findings are unexpected and contradict the hypothesis which claims that Google translate can have positive effects to English learners.It is also contradictory to the findings of Peters (2007), which claims that the use of online dictionary can enhance vocabulary acquisition. To sum up, though Google translate is useful when readers want to find students when they read an article or encounter words with multi-meanings. The unanticipated findings may relate to some limitations of this experiment. First, the topic is limited. Since the research topic is to examine the effects of technology o n English learning, it can contain many subareas. For example, reading, listening, speaking and writing.The research group only focused on 2 English learning aspects vocabulary and text learning. Even the vocabulary contains lots of inspection points, such as spelling, pronunciation and word meaning. Also, use Google translate to represent technology is one-sided. There are other kinds of technology like software, recorder and e-dictionary. Second, for the experiment, the sample size is too small and lack of diversity. All 11 participants are year 1 students with the same major from the same education background. In addition, the gender proportion is unbalanced.Meanwhile, a pre-test about the English level of the participants is lacked. Moreover, the function of Google translate is inadequate. In brief, the limitations are in two aspects topic and the design of the experiment and these may lead to the unpredicted findings. The findings of this report lead to some recommendations. Fi rstly, students who learn English at the beginning level can use Google translate to find the meaning of the words, phrases and sentences to help them understand the ontent. However, it is not suggested to rely on Google translate to find definitions of every words.Secondly, teachers who want to help their students make progress in English learning could use Google translate as assistance more appropriately and efficiently in the aspect of simplex-meaning word acquisition. It is also advised that teachers should encourage students to think more by themselves actively and avoid using Google translate to find the meaning of every new word. Thirdly, researchers in this area can gain useful information about the effects of online translation service n English vocabulary learning and reading comprehension.

A Sociological Review of Marketing Molly and Melville: Dating in a Post-modern, Consumer Society

From the late 1980s, more and more commodities were being marketed with increasingly number of customers, wo manpower and men. This could be a mod phenomenon that people wanted to make they look better to catch the fast-developing world and consumer friendship. Thousands of heterosexuals dating publicizings, like from magazines and newspapers, so they need improve their qualifications that will be described in the advertisements to attract the i almostrism.In this point, men and women got varied ways to presenting themselves like Jagger said in her article In describing the self-importance, women were more likely to extend their appearance, whereas men were more likely to emphasize their finical and educational status and occupation, consistent with traditional sex-role expectations. (Jagger 2001) It is true that the way people developing new relationships were depending on selective consumption by others, so dating advertisements argon chances for people can represent thems elves.Therefore the words masculinity and muliebrity became very important, because the changing meanings of them were part of the consumer society and new definition of self-identity. Men and women argon more equally likely to market their bodies when advertising the self and seemed both sex had paid more financial aid to lifestyle but not work-place or domestic stuff. Like Jagger argued in her article, that major social transformations nearly has been done during the 20-century, along with the rise of media and advertising, the foundation of consumer horticulture has been established.Based on this new social culture, identities of individual has been described by the way of leisure and consumption much more than work and production, and the metamorphosed meaning of self-worth which is a very important factor while advertising a unitary self. Femininity and Masculinity in a Post-modern Society It has been argued in Jaggers article that femininity and masculinity were to descri ber women and men typically since long time ago. Women used to be identified as emotional, caring, domestically, and always should make themselves look beautiful as objectives in mens gaze.These analyses atomic number 18 consistent to the self-identity of women in advertising, majority of the women are more likely to stress their physical attractiveness but not something else. Yet this view of subordinate femininity was re-appraised in the 1980s as stereotyped social identity, people think that consumer culture provided women much more important resources of being an individual new effeminate self than before. That means woman should have more opportunity to work, live, or blush play with their personal identity and take pleasure of making different roles and masks, to do whatever they wanted equitable. As Jagger pointed out, however, Being a professional, independent, career woman have been identified.In sharp contrast to the old terrain of domestic femininity, these new women, are held to do things for their own satisfaction and gratification, not merely to attract and keep a man. (Jagger 2001) In other side, the contemporary debate on men and masculinity has been suggested that it is no longer a simple unitary male identity. Traditionally, men have been identified as strong, brave, responsible, and usually deal with some hard and grievous social work. This view of identity determined that men have to be cool and cold.Thus caused this kind of characters start very popular in women. For example, ROBOCOP, approximative and RAMBO, these were some images of hard-man even all of them are violent. Since 1990s, however, this identify of men has been challenged by the value of new man, who is warmer, softer, and more emotional. They being required not only be a worker or even a successful businessman, but also should take at least half of the domestic responsibility as a good father and a good husband. Moreover, muscles now understood as sexy sign of male bu t not the symbol of workings class and rough person.More and more men with masculinity wanted to be enjoyed by feminine viewer as objectives in the new arrangement of the consumer society. It is clamed, in that locationfore, men have become embodied subject, enjoying the same kind of attention that in the past was the preserve of women. (Jagger 2001) Although the fast-developing consumer society provided both men and women resources of self-identity, required them to change the gender stereotypes, there are still a lot of problems. Some researchers consider that the power of traditional culture still strong or even more signifies. Both men and women are influenced by this cultural ideal.In one hand, it has been argued that a more limited number of the female advertisers still emphasise their physical attractiveness, their caring and ability to listen when representing themselves. A professional, successful woman always was proved negative and masculine. Many solutions have bee n used for fix the problem. Some women bring about themselves as mixed subjects that means they can be a good housewives and holding a demanding job at the same time. Also some female advertisers construct themselves in characters that borrowed from media, or describe the appearance of their body directly.It is a truth that many women have been advised by the media for how to be a new femininity and what that kind of women might look like, identified as subject of gaze. However, these new femininities did not walk too far from the old notion. They continue to represent themselves in a relatively limited number of images of female selfhood, particularly with regard to their bodies. In the other hand, it seems that masculinity takes many forms to the extent that men produced more versions of the self than women did. Some of them represent themselves as hard working, successful and some others even emphasise their bodies.This could prove that the consumer society paid more attention t o the consumption market, which obdurate that the males body also could be the product being sold. But there are small number of new man that we can not lose sight of For instance, some men constructed themselves as caring, sharing, emotional and sensitive individuals, anxious to share in the joy of domesticity. (Jagger 2001) This consist with the trait of consumer society, which apply the masculine subjectivity is complex and multiple, not just unitary.Therefore, as Jagger considered, there are diverse way of being a man, in this complex and multiple post-modern worlds. CONCLUSION Dating in a post-modern, consumer society through advertisement could be a good experience of self-identify and representing. The consumer culture has provided individuals some important resources for women and men, but it seems that these resources are not equally available to all of them. Although the meaning of femininity and masculinity are changing a lot to fit the consumer culture, women still go t more problems when dealing with the new setting of social conditions than these to men.Actually, women become more independent and men become more sensitive nowadays, and both of these changes are relatively to the contemporary consumer culture, which gives people more opportunities to identify themselves. All of these ideas have been critically discussed in Jaggers article, which she gives some adequate suggestion to people about self-identity and play diversity roles in this consumer society. Not only for advertisers, but also for all of us who care about ourselves.

Brave New World by Aldous Huxley

In the novel Brave New land by Aldous Huxley, unity of the main characters that is presented to the readers is Bernard Marx. What this characters name brings to the mind of the reader, and for certain the intention too of the author, is the historical figure Karl Marx who wrote the book Communist Manifesto. In the book, Bernard Marx is described as a hypnotic specialiser at the Hatchery and Conditioning Centre in the unexampled world. He belongs to the Alpha caste though his physical features do not fit him to be in this caste.Those who atomic number 18 Alphas are known to be tall but Bernard is rather short. Furthermore, he acts as an outcast amongst his social group. As Alphas are expected to be sporty in their patchner and orientation, he does not participate in this leisure activity. This is the reason why he is look inton as odd by the flock around him (Huxley 38). As the novel progresses, the reader sees Bernard Marx as a loner and unhappy. The social group that he move s around with sees him as a rebel and a non-conformist. He questions the system of the World State and wants to fight for his individuality.In some ways, he is seen as someone who always wants to go against the system. He depose be termed as a protestor to put it in an other(a) way. But this thing changes when one time he goes to the Reservation (Huxley 45) where he meets John who is considered a savage by the World State. When he brings the latter to London, he instantly gains a popularity he never experienced before. He becomes outgoing and happy to participate in the activities in the World State. This participative attitude of Bernard Marx in the new smart set will only changed when John refuses to be part of his agenda.The reader sees again that Marx returns to his old, protestor way. The World Controller sees that he has not changed and in the end he is thrown out of the World State to be deported to Iceland (Huxley 98). What can we see then in the character of Bernard Marx? We can conclude then that the protest attitude of him is not borne out of intellectual or of chaste form in origin. The best term that we can see to it is that his act of his being a non-conformist among his social group originates from a personal and social one.I make this conclusion to the nature of his character since his being alone surely must have stemmed from his being short as an Alpha. As mentioned above, Alphas are designed to be tall but Marx is not. His manifestation of being a protestor comes from his anger of being not accepted fully by his peers, of being different from them. So in effect he sees no point of active in all the activities that are expected of his caste. When an opportunity is presented to him that he can be accepted and up to now become popular, his attitude towards the World State absolutely changed.Success went fizzily to Bernards head, and in the process completely reconciled him to a world which, up till then, he had found very unsatisfactory (Huxley 66). This opportunity is when he brings John to London and quickly gains popularity (Huxley 66). Still, Marx goes back to his old ways when the chance to become popular slips to his hands upon Johns rejections of his agenda. In the end, he is deported to Iceland against his protests. The honour open of the character of Marx then is that he is a hypocrite in his being a non-conformists and critic of the ways of the World State.His criticism of the system in the society that he lives in stems from the rejection he gets from his being physically different from his social group. We can thus sum up that the flaws that he sees in the World transcription are not genuine. The order of the World State will be a defect as far as Marx is concerned up until he is not accepted as part of his social group. When this has changed it is only then that he can truly feel a part of the new society. deeds Cited Huxley, Aldous. Brave New World. New York HarperCollins Publisher Inc. ,1998Brave New World by Aldous HuxleyThe Brave New World, written by Aldous Huxley, is an extemporary novel that deals with moral problems the like the problem of how to gain happiness in the best possible way. The novel includes the poignant role of the government in achieving this goal and the drawbacks it can create in a society. This paper will thoroughly discuss both side of the moral problem and how it affected the society as a whole. more(prenominal) often than not, a novel is a little interpretation and portrayal of an authors life, experiences and knowledge. It would be hard not to incorporate his/her own opinions and thoughts privileged his/her work.An author can go as far as draw sound arguments to defend his/her point, and all this can be easily done by describing his/her characters, the setting, plot, and so on. Aldous Huxley started written material the Brave New world in 193, and by that time, technological innovations as well as world-changing events were taking place, a nd society was at its add up make over. From its primitive way of life, the world was developing and advancing to a new and completely modern era. The event as a whole didnt escaped the attention of Huxley, and all of this, no doubt, affected him, and resulted in one of the most powerful, thought provoking novels.His visualization of the world in the near future, perhaps decades or centuries from the time he wrote his work, gave deep insight of the unfavorable would-be lifestyle of the world, which may not be so far from todays way of life. It is Huxleys ability to portray the future that uses his current observations that do his novel a classic, affecting not only the bulk of his time, but as well as the latter societies. Inside the book, Huxley introduced a moral problem. He presented a society that was under the total power of a manipulative government.Due to advanced scientific techniques, pack live in constant happiness. Here Huxley wanted his readers to see an important question, should the state of happiness be the prime goal of mankind, or should free will, at the expense of contentment, be the key. The Brave New Worlds government chose the former, to keep its muckle happy while ensuring stability. It was the director in the novel who explained the mechanics of the World State. He explained that tremendous amount of conditioning is necessary to unfold the secret of happiness, and that you must like what you are doing.Making people like both their sideline and the way of life the government wants them to do is the goal of all the conditioning. One of the defining moments of the novel was when the lead character, John, entered the story. The other side of the argument was brought into account. John, who came from a very different society, sees the World State in a very different way. Because he had grown up in a society where the government doesnt have total control over its citizen, he sees how the citizens were denied of the truth of literature , history, emotion, and most of all, humanity.It was when he met the world leader, Mustapha Mond, that he was able to adamantly point his observations. But even though he understood Johns view, the leader refused to listen and continued to argue that it must be done in order to achieve happiness and stability. These aspects are much more important compared to humanity, the leader continued. He insists that social stability requires the sacrifice of the things John values. As long as people are happy everything will be fine. John protests that, without these things, human life is not worth living, even with happiness.Mond explains that the governments plan is foolproof, with the help of soma, a drug that offers a way to deal with unpleasant emotions that lead to inefficiency and conflict, and keep people from trying to change the way they live. As everyone knows, utopias strive to work as perfection therefore it is completely necessary for these societies to have moral values. The so ciety in Brave New World lacks values like promiscuity, over-population, use of drugs, and evacuation of religion and family, creating a Dystopia. During the entire novel, Huxley makes evident that these values are missing in the society.As a peculiar characteristic the World State eliminates the record family. This word doesnt exist for the people anymore, meaning that there are no parents or siblings a person is created in an assembly line in plurality production, creating 96 persons in one blow (Huxley, 6). This civilized society lives in a world where cognition and technology play an important role. Religion is replaced with paragon does not exist anymore (Huxley, 230). Instead of attending church on Sundays, people attend to services where morals are not learned at all. They just get accustomed to having sexual intercourse or taking soma.The government not only controls how one thinks, but it also controls ones physical usefulness to his society. By genetically engineering ones automobile trunk, the government can make it infinitely useful to itself. To make that one body feel no pain, to make the soul feel like it belongs to the society, and to make the mind open to any ideas is a vital asset for this government. The people are not always worried about death and can always relax in this utopian society since other people pleasure them, and with a society of happy people, the government never fears a revolt.One aspect of control that is touched upon from the beginning of the novel until the end is the control of the population birth and growth. As a way to maintain the societys motto of Community, Identity and Stability, the number of inhabitants is managed through the artificiality of the brave new worlds use of technology. In the first chapter of the novel, the reader is introduced to the process of creating humans in this Utopia. The fact that machines do what is done by human reproductive systems shows how learning has dominated over man in thi s world.The actual process of creating humans is make possible through the use of a single ovary, which makes thousands of identical people. Since these people are similar in appearance, thought and relations, they are able to live in perfect harmony with each other. Huxley uses Lenina and Fanny, two of his female characters who are distant relatives from the same ovary, as people who get along well and are on the same page on issues concerning Utopian lifestyles. This is how the government of Utopia, made up of only ten controllers, is able to maintain stability among its people.Since stability is part of the brave new worlds motto, it is a crucial deal for the government to uphold. Something else that is controlled by government and science is any thing to do with marriage, romance and pregnancy. It is a rule by the government for everyone to freely have sex with anybody at anytime they want. It is against the rules of the Utopia to date anyone regularly. Government forbids anyone to go towards thoughts of monogamy and romance because they require too much time and bring no stability to life.Science controls the aspect of pregnancy in the way that females have to turn in contraceptive belts while having endless sex to avoid any pregnancy. Pregnancy is controlled because it brings pain and goal of the brave new world is to have happiness. Government and science restrain Utopias citizens from what is part of being human. In Brave New World, there are no feelings and emotions whatsoever because they are refused by the dominating assurance which gives out the soma that allows people to do whatever they please without being guilty about it.But they live their lives with ignorance. Lastly, literature is another characteristic that makes this society a dystopia. It is completely banned for anyone to read because it brings ideas to people, creating individual. They are more focused in a society that consumes and every time is buying new things. Even Mustapha Mond, one of the new worlds seven controllers, admits that the world they inhabit is far from perfect. Mond says to John those who have the ability to write the laws also have the ability to break them (Huxley, 248).Even the seven controllers of the World State break the rules by reading books. It is evident that even though they want to create a new world where the past is completely forgotten, they mollify want to read and learn. The truth is that by knowing about the past societies learn to not make the same mistakes again. Much of Huxleys vision is already reality today. We are already seeing the development of the fundamental principles evident in the novel with things like cloning, government control, drugs to make us happier, and being a consumer based society.Now, when a scientific breakthrough is discovered, people will refer to us coming closer to the brave new world. We are more informed of changes that technology brings upon us and try to recognize its potential threats. Th is is the reason why there are always opposing groups of certain advancements, trying to see not only the pros but also the cons of new technology. Huxley therefore hasnt so much aided in the creation of new technologies, instead he has made us guarded or worried about these advancements.The book helped the population see a future, which may not be so appealing, compared to many other futuristic novels, which portrayed a much happier lifestyle. Huxleys upbringing, along with the world events going on around him, was contributory in some ways to the writing of Brave New World. More significantly however, are the effects the book has had on modern society. Not so much, that people have consciously taken ideas from the book and tried to implement them, more that the ideology has served as a gauge against which we judge the advents of technology.In conclusion, science has become a major part of this modern life. In Brave New World, Huxley predicts a world dominated by government and sc ience and how the two aspects influence humanity. Although I lack the understanding of a society of this New State, I can picture out what might happen to the world if the government makes this drastic operation. I can see a world deprived of passion and love. Everything movement is mechanical. Every fight downion will create confusion. I can see them asking themselves, how will I react when I accidentally do something wrong? How will I love someone?The questions somewhat made me laugh, but at the same time made me sad. The prospect of having the same fate as anyone else frightens me. Its as if well all be buried inside the same caskets. I dont like the idea at all. And by creating people massively, it automatically eliminates individuality. Parents are not necessary to raise a person, but they are actually wrong. Education starts at home, something very true in the real world. So if there isnt any home or family, how can a person be embossed to be a well-mannered adult? Reference Huxley, A. (1975). Brave New World. Markham, Ontario

Importance of operational management in BMW Essay

An effective operation fecal matter give four types of advantages to the business Operations forethought can reduce the cost of products and services by being efficient. Operations focusing can increase revenue through increase customer satisfaction in producing quality goods and services. Operations management can reduce the amount of investment (capital employed) necessary to produce the goods and services by being effective and innovative in the use of resources. Operations management provide the basic for innovation by building a solid base of operations and knowledge.IMPORTANCE OF OPERATIONS counsel FOR BMWFor diverse firms such as BMW, the field of operations management is extremely important. Following points stress the importance of operations management in BMWTeam focusingTeam management is an important aspect of Operations circumspection as it outlines the working methodologies of an organization (McDonald, 2005). Further, this aspect gains even greater importance in background of multidimensional organizations like BMW as it largely supports crucify functional teams in order to better solve problems (McDonald, 2005). BMW believes that just by looking at it, cross functional teams often look inefficient and messy but they atomic number 18 extremely efficient at solving problems that require diverse thinking.Change ManagementChange Management forms another important aspect of Operations Management in an organization related to the automobile sector. This is in order to manage the lighten fast changes that are currently taking place in the autoindustry. BMW predicts that currently, around 20 percent of a cars value is operate by electronics (this level is continuously raising.Strategic ManagementThis grade of operations Management concerns itself with dissimilar strategies that are formulated by an organization in useable context. The importance of this category in BMW lies in the effectiveness of strategy implementation and the efficienc y with which various organizational processes work.Process ManagementThe importance of process management in BMW lies in maintaining effectiveness and efficiency of the organization. BMW when dealing with the efficiency aspect concerns itself with optimum utilization of human, financial and other resources (this deployment is irrespective of the original purpose of livery these sources into the organization).Product ManagementThis category of Operations Management concerns itself with managing a product (or service) right from the stages of idea generation to providing after sales services. According to the management at BMW, there are various aspects to product or service management.Quality ManagementThe field of Quality Management refers to meeting the pre-defined standards in terms of products and services. This category holds its importance for BMW as the organization is extremely critical about the various products that it develops for customers in the marketplace. Having appr opriate operations management strategies is important in order to rush a steady progress and continuous improvement to match the tastes and preferences of its consumers. BMW has recently made advances in quality management by implementing changes in operations management such as adopting total quality management and benchmarking, reengineering and outsourcing.Through the implementation of these activities BMW is aiming for market leadership. For BMW, the process of benchmarking serves as an internal audit and is employed to diagnose the weaknesses and and then turning them into strengths of the company (Payne, 2005).Management control and coordinationIn an organization like BMW coordinating management functions is extremely important in order to make various organizational functions work in an efficient and transparent manner. In essence, these functions are utilized in order to keep a track of its goals and the extent to which they are achieved. Other organizational activities th at form a part of coordination and control are product evaluation, distribution, promotion and advertising. With appropriate operations management strategies in place, BMW continually ensures that its products are in the minds of customers while they are making a purchase (Payne, 2005). For this purpose, BMW continuously uses advertising and promotion.